point Of Cash control

Coshh - point Of Cash control

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Cash is a vital component of any profit-generating organization. An organization's assets generate revenue, which in turn generates cash inflows. These cash inflows are used for several purposes: to pay creditors, compensate employees, repaymen shareholders, supply asset replacement, and supply for growth.

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Cash is unique because it's the singular asset that is facilely convertible into any other type of asset. Therefore, it's also the most widely desired asset. However, cash is also the asset that is most susceptible to fraud and abuse. Therefore, management has to ensure that enough controls and safeguards are in place to eliminate any unauthorized transactions with cash.

Fortunately, there are ways management can safeguard the cash generated by its organization. Each of the following methods will help an organization forestall losses due to human error or theft:

o Monthly bank reconciliation
o Segregation of duties over cash handling
o responsibility for cash shortages
o Authorized cash disbursement
o Internal audits

Monthly Bank Reconciliation. Monthly bank reconciliation will help ensure that the whole of cash generated by an organization is consistent with bank records. In addition, an independent relate of the reconciliation by management will supply an added safeguard. Independent verification of bank reconciliation acts as a check to make sure the reconciliation was done properly and ensures there is no abuse of the organization's cash.

Segregation of Duties Over Cash Handling. Every organization must make sure that there is enough segregation of duties over cash handling. Separating the duties of cash receipts and disbursements prevents an personel from committing and concealing embezzlement.

Accountability for Cash Shortages. management should hold supervisors accountable for cash shortages. If supervisors know that they'll be held accountable for a cash shortage, they'll be motivated to keep a close eye on how cash is used within their departments.

Authorized Cash Disbursement. management should allow cash to be disbursed only through checks issued by authorized signers, which will supply a method for tracking cash usage. In addition, your organization should need signatures on all checks in order for them to be valid.

Internal Audits. Every organization should dispose to have internal audits conducted on a regular basis. Either the auditors come from an internal audit staff or an face auditing firm, auditing an organization's accounting principles can identify how productive and precise the operation is and Either or not any improvements need to be made.

Establishing A Quickbooks operate Environment

QuickBooks allows more than one user to access enterprise files. (Conceptually, an unlimited whole of users may have access to the company's data files, but only five users may work with the data at the same time.) When complicated users will have access to the company's QuickBooks data files, it generally is necessary to generate a operate environment that protects the data from unauthorized use. For example, some users may not need access to sensitive payroll data, while others may not need access to accounts receivable and sales information.

One of the best ways to forestall errors when posting transactions in QuickBooks is to limit access to specified users. If passwords and access permissions are not assigned, users have unlimited access to all areas in QuickBooks. When setting up QuickBooks, one user should be designated as the QuickBooks Administrator.

The QuickBooks Administrator has unlimited access to all areas of QuickBooks and assigns passwords and access permissions to other users. The name and password for the QuickBooks Administrator can be set up by selecting "Set Up Users" from the "Company" menu. The QuickBooks Administrator must be set up before any other users can be set up. Although QuickBooks does not need the use of passwords, the QuickBooks Administrator should set up and use a password since whatever logging in to the company's QuickBooks files as the administrator has full access to all areas in QuickBooks. After setting up a name and password, the QuickBooks Administrator should click the "Closing Date" button in the "User List" window and enter the date through which books are finished in the "Accounting" preferences dialog box. The administrator can also password-protect the conclusion date (requires single-user mode). When this feature is enabled, QuickBooks requires users to enter the password before they can make changes to periods that have been closed.

The QuickBooks Administrator is the only user who can:

o Set up other users.
o change other users' access permissions.
o Set up a enterprise file using the "EasyStep Interview."
o change enterprise information (such as enterprise name, address, fiscal year, tax year, tax form, and federal identification number).
o change enterprise preferences.
o harden data.
o Import and export data.
o Apply for QuickBooks Merchant account Services.

Note: Since the QuickBooks Administrator has the capability to password-protect the entire company's files, has access to all accounting functions, and assigns access to all other users, the enterprise should carefully reconsider whom to pick as administrator. The someone superior should have an comprehension of the importance of this position on the internal operate of the company. Some companies prescription the controller or Chief Financial Officer as the QuickBooks Administrator because those individuals normally do not have direct interaction with the software.

The QuickBooks Administrator can set up added users and specify the areas to which each someone has access. To do so, pick "Company" from the menu bar and "Set Up Users." Then click the "Add User" button in the "User List" window. Assign a user name and password for the new user. Even though QuickBooks does not need the use of passwords, each user should be set up with a password that must be used when logging in to the company's QuickBooks file. (An unlimited whole of users can be added, but only five can have access to the company's data file at the same time.)

After setting up the user name and password, the administrator then specifies Either the user will have access to superior areas of QuickBooks or all areas of QuickBooks. The user should not be given access to all areas of QuickBooks since that permission essentially establishes a second administrator allowing users to access the following:

o Sales and accounts receivable.
o Purchases and accounts payable.
o Checking and prestige cards.
o Inventory.
o Time tracking.
o Payroll and employees.
o Sensitive accounting activities such as bank transfers, general journal entries, and online banking.
o Sensitive financial reports.
o Changing or deleting transactions.
o Changing finished transactions.

Note: Even if users need access to most of the preceding areas, they should not be allowed to change finished transactions.

Rather than giving users access to all areas of QuickBooks, the QuickBooks Administrator should give users access to superior areas. In that case, the QuickBooks Administrator specifies Either the user should be given no access, full access, or selective access to each personel area listed in the preceding paragraph. If the user is given selective access in a singular area, the QuickBooks Administrator also must specify Either the user can (a) generate transactions only, (b) generate and print transactions and forms, or (c) generate transactions and generate reports.

Sensitive Accounting Activities. Users generally should not be given access to sensitive accounting activities. Such activities include:

o Maintaining the chart of accounts.
o Working in the account register for equilibrium sheet accounts.
o Reconciling accounts.
o production journal entries.
o Using the "Accountant's Review."
o Transferring funds in the middle of accounts.
o Using online banking.
o Creating budgets.
o Printing registers.
o Condensing data.

Even if users are given full or selective access to sensitive accounting activities, they cannot generate financial reports (with the exception of the "Payroll Report") or change or delete previously recorded transactions. Those permissions must be assigned separately, as discussed in the following paragraphs. The QuickBooks Administrator generally should be the only user with access to sensitive accounting activities.

Sensitive Financial Reports. Users generally should not be given access to sensitive financial reports (such as the equilibrium sheet, profit and loss reports, budget reports, cash flow reports, income tax reports, and audit trail reports). That access allows users to generate all reports and graphs available in QuickBooks. However, even users with access to reports cannot change or delete transactions included in the reports. That permission must be assigned separately, as discussed in the following paragraph. The QuickBooks Administrator generally should be the only user with access to sensitive financial reports.

Changing and Deleting Transactions. Even if QuickBooks users have full access in a singular area, they cannot change or delete transactions in that area unless they are given that permission in the "Changing or Deleting Transactions" window. For example, a user with full access in the sales and accounts receivable area cannot change invoices or sales receipts unless they are given permission to change or delete transactions. However, even if users do not have permission to change or delete transactions, they can change or delete transactions they entered in the current QuickBooks session so that quickly identified data entry errors can be corrected. Users that are given permission to change or delete transactions can alter transactions only in areas in which they have access. For example, users that have access to the account area but not to the payroll area cannot alter payroll transactions even if they have permission to change or delete transactions. The QuickBooks Administrator generally should be the only user with permission to change or delete historical transactions.

If a user is given permission to change or delete transactions in areas in which they have access, the "Changing or Deleting Transactions" window also asks Either the user should be able to change or delete transactions recorded before the conclusion date. The QuickBooks Administrator always should deny users access to such transactions by selecting "No" in response to that question. Even when "No" is selected, users can view prior-period transactions in QuickBooks areas to which they have access. If "Yes" is superior and the administrator sets a password, the user will be required to enter the password.

Viewing Data. QuickBooks allows the QuickBooks Administrator to limit a user's access to creating sensitive financial reports or creating and printing sensitive reports. companies can use this feature to allow the Controller, Chief Financial Officer, or other someone independent of the accounting function the capability to oversee the accounting operations. Because many companies frequently have small accounting staffs, this increased oversight can mitigate some of the risk to the principles of internal operate created by having tiny segregation of duties.

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